Tapes 1-10 | 11-20 | 21-30 | 31-40 | 41-50 | 51-60 | 61-70 | 71-80

Note: When requesting a tape, please refer to the Episode Number.

Tape 1

Episode 1

Date of broadcast: 21 April 1996

Summary: This episode focuses on the Eastern Cape Hearings of the Human Rights Violations (HRV) Committee. Segments include: the deaths of the Pebco Three and Cradock Four; violations by liberation movements at the Highgate Hotel and the King Williamstown Golf Club; and various incidents of torture in the region. Other segments included background to the death in detention of Steven Biko; and the structure and operations of the TRC, including counseling services.

Tape 2

Episode 2

Date of broadcast: 28 April 1996

Summary: This episode focuses on HRV hearings in Gauteng. Segments include: the deaths in detention of numerous people including Ahmed Timol, Neil Aggett and Suliman Saloojee; assassinations by hits squads including the murders of David Webster and Bheki Mlangeni, and the attempted assassination of Albie Sachs; and details of torture and assault in detention. There are also segments on gross human rights violations by the ANC, including the Church Street and Amamzimtoti Shopping Centre Bombings and treatment of ANC members in ANC military camps.

Tape 3

Episode 3

Date of broadcast: 5 May 1996

Summary: This episode focuses on the Western Cape Hearings. Segments on HRV proceedings include: deaths and torture in the region, violence by liberation movements, including the practice of necklacing and the St. James Church Massacre; the assassination of Anton Lubowski; and the framing as informers of activists. Other segments include background information on the forced removals from District Six and the operations of the CCB.

[Note: Max Du Preez describes this as the second special report, although it seems to be the third]

Tape 4

Episode 4

Date of broadcast: 12 May 1996

Summary: This episode has a number of segments. Segments on HRV proceedings include: the Mandela United Football Club’s murders of youths, ANC human rights abuses, the activities of the Three Million Gang, the Queenstown Massacre, and the Spur Bombing. There is also a historical segment on the Soweto Uprising of June 1976.

Tape 5

Episode 5

Date of broadcast: 26 May 1996

Summary: This episode has a number of segments. Segments on HRV proceedings include: Eastern Cape torture and disappearances, focusing on Siphiwo Mtimkhulu; Gideon Nieuwoudt’s court application not to be named in commission proceedings which delayed witness testimony. There are also segments on: the structure of the TRC (a repeat from Episode 1); the first amnesty hearings held in Phokeng regarding the murder of an elder of the Bafokeng Tribe; and on the disappearance of an ANC activist in exile who seems to have been the illegitimate son of Thabo Mbeki.

Comments: There is no 19 May 1996 episode.

Tape 6

Episode 6

Date of broadcast: 16 June 1996

Summary: This episode has a number of segments. The first deals with the TRC hearings into the Kimberly bombing at a protest march against Bophuthatswana. Two ANC members had been jailed for the bombing but at the hearing a new person claimed responsibility. Also included is a segment on HRV hearings into torture in the Northern Cape. A segment on reparations focusing on symbolic reburials, including witness requests before the HRV and interviews describing the significance thereof. A segment on the letter bombing of Father Michael Lapsley and others by the CCB. A segment on Vlakplaas’ death squad activity in Maseru, Lesotho. A segment on the Casinga Massacre in Angola, where hundreds of SWAPO members and refugees were killed by the South African army.

[Comments: There are no 2 June 1996 and 9 June 1996 episodes]

Tape 7

Episode 7

Date of broadcast: 23 June 1996

Summary: This episode has a number of segments: the HRV hearings into the attempted coup in the Transkei against General Bantu Holomisa, which involved South African military intelligence; human rights abuses by the ANC including those occurring at the Quatro Camp; and shootings in Oudtshoorn. There are also segments on the history of the Kitskonstabels; the development of the practice of necklacing; and an interview with a former Ministry of Law and Order spokesman on his perceptions of the TRC process and on the legal issues arising out of the naming of perpetrators.

Tape 8

Episode 8

Date of broadcast: 30 June 1996

Summary: This episode has a number of segments. Segments based on the HRV hearings include the death of Siphiwo Mtimkhulu and the appearance of his family as witnesses at the TRC after many delays; details of torture and vigilante activities in the Boland area; and HRV hearings on the Maseru Raid. A segment on the criminal trial of Gideon Nieuwoudt is also included. Other segments deal with white reaction to the TRC including interviews with various TRC commissioners, COSAS activists talking about reconciliation in a focus group, and the pending amnesty applications by 22 senior police officials.

Tape 9

Episode 9

Date of broadcast: 7 July 1996

Summary: This episode has a number of segments: the HRV hearings in the Free State that focus on violence by the state and by others including vigilantes, the Eagles and the Three Million Gangs, and the liberation movements. Most of the episode is devoted to airing a documentary by Jann Turner on her search to find out who assassinated her father, Professor Rick Turner. The documentary includes interviews with Nelson Mandela and with the families of Chris Hani and Ruth First. The final segment deals with the TRC’s recognition of the human right abuses suffered by Boer women and children in British concentration camps.

Tape 10

Episode 10

Date of broadcast: 14 July 1996

Summary: This episode has a number of segments. The first is an interview with Dirk Coetzee on the Griffiths Mxenge assassination, on amnesty applications, and his criminal trial. Another segment deals with vigilante activities and testimony by victims. Also included is a focus on Bophuthatswana, including: HRV hearings into the murder of an informer, the military coup, and the participation of the AWB in attempting to quell a popular uprising against the Bophuthatswana government. The final segment is an interview with General Stadler, defending police force practices during Apartheid.

Tape 11

Episode 11

Date of broadcast: 21 July 1996

Summary: This episode has a number of segments: the amnesty applications of two right-wingers for murder and of two others where the political motive is challenged. HRV hearings in the Northern Province on violence by traditional leaders. A segment on witchcraft and the political killings of hundreds of so-called witches in the Northern Province. A segment on HRV hearing into the disappearance and probable death in detention of Stanza Bopape and the death in detention of Peter Nchabeleng. A segment interviewing Commissioners Mall and Boraine on the criteria for the granting of amnesty.

Tape 12

Episode 12

Date of broadcast: 28 July 1996

Summary: This episode has a number of segments, many of which deal with HRV hearings. Issues covered include: the Magoos Bar/Why Not Bar Bombing, including victim testimony and an interview with perpetrator Robert McBride; cross border activity, specifically the Maseru raid; victims of violence in KwaZulu Natal; the murder of “Prof”Sibonkulu; a segment on a person who was both a perpetrator and a victim of violence by liberation movements; a segment on the murder of child-activist Stompie Seipei and the involvement of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and the Mandela United Football Club. The final segment is an investigation into the assassination of Griffiths Mxenge by Vlakplaas hit squads and includes interviews with relatives and perpetrators.

Tape 13

Episode 13

Date of broadcast: 4 August 1996

Summary: This episode has a number of segments: Amnesty hearings for the Mdantsane 12 regarding the killing of members of the Killerboys Gang. There are segments focusing on KwaZulu Natal, including: the murder of Reggie Hadebe, the IFP-UDF conflict and the Trust Feed Massacre. There is a segment on the role of the medical profession in covering up gross human rights abuses. The final segment deals with the CCB operatives jailed in Zimbabwe, currently applying for amnesty.

Tape 14

Episode 14

Date of broadcast: 11 August 1996

Summary: This episode contains many segments from HRV hearings into the Vaal Triangle, including: the Sebokeng Massacre; the Boipathong Massacre; and police-IFP collusion. The next segment focused on police violence against Western Cape activists, including Ashley Kriel. The final segment is a special focus on the torture and detention of women.

Tape 15

Episode 15

Date of broadcast: 18 August 1996

Summary: This episode contains many segments, including: amnesty hearings on right-wing violence; HRV hearings on the Silverton Bank Siege and the Church Street Bombing, both carried out by liberation movements. There is a segment on human rights violations in the Karoo, including the burning of an informer. There is a segment on HRV hearings in KwaZulu Natal dealing with IFP-ANC violence and third force activities. There is also a segment on HRV hearings into the Maseru Raid.

Tape 16

Episode 16

Date of broadcast: 25 August 1996

Summary: This episode focuses on the political party submissions to the TRC, specifically, the PAC, the National Party and the ANC. There is a detailed introductory segment outlining South African history.

Tape 17

Episode 17

Date of broadcast: 1 September 1996

Summary: This episode has many segments. One focuses on HRV hearings into political protests and repression and police and vigilante collusion in the Eastern Cape. Another segment focuses on IFP violence in Natal, including some HRV testimony. Issues covered include: the KwaMakuthla Massacre, the Malan criminal trial, and the TRC’s subpoena powers. There are also various amnesty-related segments including a hearing, the application by various generals and the first granting of amnesty.

Tape 18

Episode 18

Date of broadcast: 8 September 1996

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments based on HRV hearings including: Vlakplaas operations against ANC members; the ANC landmine campaign; the shooting of school children and Kabasa Gang violence. There is a segment on the IFP’s party submission to the TRC. The final segment deals with the first refusals of amnesty.

Tape 19

Episode 19

Date of broadcast: 15 September 1996

Summary: This episode has four segments including: HRV testimony from Leonard Veenendaal who was tortured by police. Also included is a background investigation into Veenendaal’s other activities, such as his white right wing paramilitary operations and escape from Namibian prison in 1989. A second segment deals with the special hearings into the Bisho Massacre in Ciskei, Eastern Cape 1992 when Ciskei Defense Forces opened fire on an ANC protest march. The third segment covers the Amnesty Application hearings of four van Straaten brothers who killed a night watchman and highlights the question of whether an upbringing that encouraged racial hatred can qualify as satisfying the amnesty criteria of political motive. The final segment is an excerpt from the Oprah Winfrey Show where black and white students who were present at the initial integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, come face-to-face for the first time in thirty-eight years to talk of the experiences of prejudice and discrimination.

Tape 20

Episode 20

Date of broadcast: 22 September 1996

Summary: This episode has a number of segments including: details emerging from the criminal trial of Eugene De Kock which implicates senior government officials in gross human rights violations and an interview with Commissioner Ntsebeza on the implications of the De Kock Trial for the TRC and the subpoena powers of the TRC. There is a segment on the Reparations and Rehabilitation Committee and the types of requests made by victims. There is a segment on the history of South African Community Party and South African victims of Stalin’s camps. There is a segment on the use of Gangs and Vigilantes by the security forces as part of third force activities against the UDF.

Tape 21

Episode 21

Date of broadcast: 29 September 1996

Summary: This episode had segments on: HRV hearings into violence by liberation movements, right-wing violence and the Klerksdorp School Bombing, and the Duncan Village Massacre. There is a segment on the role of the medical profession in human rights abuses and on Khulumani, a victim support group.

Tape 22

Episode 22

Date of broadcast: 6 October 1996

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments. There is a segment on the HRV hearings into the Uppington 26 who were found guilty of murder under the common purpose doctrine and sentenced to death. There is also a segment on political repression in Venda, a former homeland. There is an interview with Alex Boraine, a TRC Commissioner, on perpetrators and the amnesty process. The final segment is an interview with the political cartoonist, Jonathan Shapiro (“Zapiro”).

Tape 23

Episode 23

Date of broadcast: 13 October 1996

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments: on various pending amnesty applications; on HRV hearings in the Karoo into violence between community counselors and UDF structures; and in the Free State on various human rights abuses. There is also a segment on the effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. There is a segment on ANC members who went into exile.

Tape 24

Episode 24

Date of broadcast: 20 October 1996

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments: HRV hearings dealing with the submission by the Dutch Reform Church and special hearings on military conscription. There is a segment into the amnesty application by Brian Mitchell relating to the Trust Feed Massacre. There is a segment on the downing of Samora Machel’s plane and questions about whether the South African government was involved. There is a segment on the amnesty applications of former Vlakplaas operatives.

Tape 25

Episode 25

Date of broadcast: 27 October 1996

Summary: This episode contains a variety of segments: HRV hearings into the assassination of Durban academic Rick Turner and testimony from other assassination attempt survivors, Harold Strachan and Fatima Meer. There are interviews with Richard Carolissen whose brother was killed by police and members of the family of Ardie Faas who was also killed by police. Footage of the appearance of police captain Clayton at the HRV hearings where he told the Faas family what really happened is provided. The second half of the episode is devoted to the Amnesty application testimony of General Mortimer of the SADF and Police Commander Johan van der Merwe. Activities described include the chain of command, counter insurgency operations, cross border activities, policy of assassination, support for the IFP, and the existence of a third force. Footage includes questioning by TRC Commissioners Boraine, Mjojo, and Potgieter. Final segments include the cases of Maki Skosana and Shirley Gunn as well as follow up to the still unresolved case of the PebCo Three.

Tape 26

Episode 26

Date of broadcast:

[Comments: No broadcast on 2 November 1996 per SABC]

Tape 27

Episode 27

Date of broadcast: 10 November 1996

Summary: This episode includes the amnesty application hearing of Dirk Coetzee, including interviews and details about the assassination of Griffiths Mxenge with the help of co-applicants David Tshikalange and Almond Nofomela of Vlakplaas. Mxenge’s brother opposes amnesty. Other activities described include the abduction of alleged ANC cadre Joe Pillay from Swaziland, the murder of Sizwe Kondile and a description of burning his body while police drank and barbequed. The Kondile family is also opposed to amnesty and is unwilling to accept Coetzee’s apology. Other segments include interviews with those who gave HRV testimony in KZN about IFP-ANC violence. A final segment interviews a victim of violence in ANC training camps in Angola (Quatro).

Tape 28

Episode 28

Date of broadcast: 17 November 1996

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments: Interviews with Craig Williamson who is applying for amnesty and with Marius Schoon who is opposing his application for amnesty. There are segments on cross border raids, the submission by the South African Defence Force to the TRC and the effects of military conscription. There is a segment on HRV hearings into the Johannesburg Magistrates Court Bombing and into the deaths of four would-be ANC members in Gauteng. The final segment is an interview with Peter Hain about his submission to the TRC on international activities of the South African Security Forces.

Tape 29

Episode 29

Date of broadcast: 24 November 1996

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments. There are amnesty hearings into the Seven Day War in KwaZulu Natal and into the Bisho Massacre. There is a segment on the history of Sophiatown and reference to forced removals. A segment dealing with a meeting between former State President PW Botha and Commission Chair, Desmond Tutu. There is also a segment on ethnic identity issues resulting from population registration, in the Karoo.

Tape 30

Episode 30

Date of broadcast: 1 December 1996

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments: HRV Hearings into the deaths of the Guguletu Seven; the March to Pollsmoor Prison and security force repression thereof; hostel violence, including the activities of the Toasters Gang and IFP-police collusion against ANC activists in Gauteng. Another segment deals with the activities of Peter Casselton, and overseas operations of the Security Forces, including the bombing of the ANC offices in London. The final segment contains excerpts from a performance and interview with humorist, Pieter Dirk Uys, on the TRC process.

Tape 31

Episode 31

Date of broadcast: 8 December 1996

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments: HRV hearings into vigilantes in KwaNdebele (a homeland), the Seven Days War in KwaZulu Natal, including a background segment on the conflict. There is an interview with TRC Chair Desmond Tutu, reflecting on the first year of the TRC.

Tape 32

Episode 32

Date of broadcast: 26 January 1996

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments: A face-to-face interview between a victim and a perpetrator of the St James Massacre; a segment on the amnesty process, including testimony by Dirk Coetzee and other Vlakplaas operatives; and the announcement of various grants/refusals of amnesty. There is also a segment on internal racial tensions in the TRC.

Tape 33

Episode 33

Date of broadcast: 2 February 1997

Summary: This episode contains a segment on the murder of Steve Biko and a review of Dirk Coetzee’s testimony regarding the murder of Sizwe Kondile. There is also a segment on the assassinations of the PebCo Three and Craddock Four, along with footage of a special ceremony at a ceremonial reburial and interviews with members of their families on the subjects of reconciliation and justice. The last segment is a detailed history and series of interviews about the impact and humiliation of the pass book (“dompas”) or identity document apartheid legislation.

Tape 34

Episode 34

Date of broadcast: 9 February 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments: HRV hearings into the assassination of Caiphus Nyoka; IFP-ANC violence in Gauteng; the necklacing of Maki Skosana; and the Wimpy Bar Bombing. There is a segment on South African Defence Force soldiers killed in Zimbabwe and on the death of peace activist, Skombuza Ngwenya.

[Comments: Note there is a duplicate of the US episode.]

Tape 35

Episode 35

Date of broadcast: 16 February 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments: Amnesty hearings in KwaZulu Natal by three policemen; an interview with the Judge Mall, Chair of the Amnesty Committee on a range of amnesty-related issues; and a segment on the TRC’s witness protection program. There are also segments on HRV hearings in the Eastern Cape and on the Khumalo Gang in Gauteng.

Tape 36

Episode 36

Date of broadcast: (23 February 1997)

Summary: This episode contains coverage of the amnesty hearings regarding the killing of the Guguletu 7, a special hearing held in Oudtshoorn where people speak about reconciliation and reparation [9:45], and a segment on violence in the worker hostels including discussion of IFP-ANC violence [16:00]. The last segment is an interview with Steve Biko’s son, Nkosinathi, and with historical footage of Biko’s life, death and funeral [22:25].

[Note: episode length is approx 30 minutes]

Tape 37

Episode 37

Date of broadcast: 2 March 1997

Summary: This episodes contains a number of segments, all of which deal with amnesty applications and hearings regarding Vlakplaas operations and the deaths of: Brian Ncqulunga, Florence and Fabian Ribeiro, Joe Cele, Zweli Nyanda and Keith McFaddon, and the torture of Scheepers Morudu. There is an interview with TRC officials on amnesty procedures.

Tape 38

Episode 38

Date of broadcast: 9 March 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments on different amnesty applications by Vlakplaas operatives regarding the deaths of Florence and Fabian Ribeiro, Richard Motase, Maki Skosana. There is also a segment on reparations, monuments and memorials and coverage of a workshop thereon by the Committee on Reparation and Rehabilitation.

Tape 39

Episode 39

Date of broadcast: 16 March 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments on different amnesty applications by Vlakplaas operatives, focusing on KwaZulu Natal, KwaNdebele, Swaziland, Botswana and Gauteng. There is a segment on exhumations in KwaZulu Natal and a segment on the psychological report relating to certain of the amnesty applicants.

Tape 40

Episode 40

Date of broadcast: 23 March 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments on different amnesty applications, including: the murder of Stanza Bopape, ANC youth activist; perpetrators in the Ciskei; and three members of the Ciskei police for torture. There is a segment on former government official denials and cover-ups, including interviews with FW De Klerk. There is also a segment showing a meeting of former SADF members refusing to apply for amnesty.

Tape 41

Episode 41

Date of broadcast: 30 March 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments on different amnesty applications, including: the murders of white farmers in the Lesotho border region by APLA; the killing of a suspected farm murderer by a right-wing policeman; the killing of white youths in a township area; and the questioning of Commissioners by an amnesty applicant. There is a segment on the history of the Pondoland and includes HRV hearings thereinto. There is also a segment on the second submission by the National Party to the TRC.

Tape 42

Episode 42

Date of broadcast: 6 April 1997

Summary: This episode consists of one segment. A panel of journalists pose questions on various issues facing the TRC to three TRC Commissioners: Faizel Randera, Dumisa Ntsebeza and Reverend Xundu. Issues covered include: subpoena powers, reparations and amnesty issues.

Tape 43

Episode 43

Date of broadcast: 13 April 1997

Summary: This episode includes numerous segments including testimony from two white right wing amnesty applicants [2:00]; interview with and testimony from Phinneas Ndlovu seeking amnesty for the necklacing of a so-called informer [5:45]; HRV hearings in Grahamstown on torture, abduction, and the role of kitscontables [12:17]; demands by victims’ families for more information regarding the activities of military reconnaissance commando units in the Northern Province [19:00]. There is also a short segment on Operation Marion and state security hit squads [26:00].

[Note: episode length is approx 30 minutes]

Tape 44

Episode 44

Date of broadcast:

[Comments: No broadcast on 20 April 1997 per SABC]

Tape 45

Episode 45

Date of broadcast: 27 April 1997

Summary: This episode consists of a number of segments: exhumations and reburials of MK operatives in KwaZulu Natal. A discussion about death farms that were operated by the security forces. There is an interview with a former MK operative who had been suspected of being an informer and whose name was cleared by revelations during an amnesty application. There is a segment providing an overview of the first year of the TRC’s operations including statistics of gross human rights abuses, amnesty applications and victim requests for reparations. Reference is also made to the deliberate spreading of AIDS by Vlakplaas operatives.

Tape 46

Episode 46

Date of broadcast: 4 May 1997

Summary: This episode consists of a number of segments: Brian Mitchell tries to reconcile with the Trust Feed community in a face-to-face meeting; HRV hearings into torture; and a segment on the history of unequal education and whether the TRC ought to have dealt with that as a gross human rights abuse. There are interviews with ordinary people about their perceptions of the TRC. There is an interview with Desmond Tutu appealing for amnesty applications before the impending deadline.

Tape 47

Episode 47

Date of broadcast: 11 May 1997

Summary: This episode consists of a number of segments: Amnesty applications by Magnus Malan and by an AWB member. HRV hearings into repression of Bophuthatswana students. There is also a segment detailing important amnesty applications received at the deadline.

Tape 48

Episode 48

Date of broadcast: 18 May 1997

Summary: This episode focuses primarily on testimony from the Special Hearings on Political Parties, Second Submissions. Witnesses from the ANC include Mac Maharaj, Matthews Phosa, Ronnie Kasrils, Joe Modise, and Thabo Mbeki. Issues covered include the Geneva Convention and Just War debates regarding appropriate targets, landmines, necklacing, ANC-IFP violence, Winnie Mandela, and the chant “kill the boer” [10:00]. Appearing for the NP is FW de Klerk [16:00]. Issues covered include an apology, established state policies, denial of orders for assassination and torture, Operation Marion. [22:00] A second segment discusses the existence of Vlakplaas, assassinations, and chain of command. [28:00]The last segment shows footage from the TRC press conference following these hearings and Tutu’s comments.

[Note: episode length is approx 30 minutes]

Tape 49

Episode 49

Date of broadcast: 25 May 1997

Summary. This episode contains a number of segments. HRV and amnesty hearings into the Trojan Horse Killings in the Western Cape, HRV hearings on the Black Cats vigilante group in Mpumalanga. There is a segment, including HRV and amnesty hearings, into SDU activity in Gauteng and the Western Cape. There is a segment on grants/refusals of amnesty.

Tape 50

Episode 50

Date of broadcast: 1 June 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments. HRV hearings into the Bruntville Massacres and into the murder of Claire Stewart. There are also HRV hearings into torture and detention of youth activists in the Western Cape. There is a segment on MK operatives in KwaZulu Natal. There is a segment on the criminal conviction of Vlakplaas operatives Dirk Coetzee, Almond Nofomela and David Tshikalange, which occurred before the decisions on their amnesty applications have been made.

Tape 51

Episode 51

Date of broadcast: 8 June 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments. There is a face-to-face meeting between Paul Van Vuuren, an amnesty applicant, and Tshidiso Motasi, whose parents Van Vuuren killed. There is a segment on abuses of MK soldiers’ human rights committed by the ANC in exile, including testimony by the ANC and by victims and relatives.

Tape 52

Episode 52

Date of broadcast: 15 June 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments: HRV hearings in the Western Cape into violence by the Witdoeke vigilantes; in the Eastern Cape on the Highgate Hotel Shootings by APLA; and a segment on the train violence by Ciskei’s Green Beret Vigilantes. There is also a segment commemorating the Soweto Uprising of June 1976.

Tape 53

Episode 53

Date of broadcast: 22 June 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments. There are segments on two special TRC hearings into Youth and War, focusing on SDUs, and a Special Hearing on the Health Sector, focusing on doctors’ complicity in the death in detention of Steven Biko. There is an interview with two Human Rights Committee members, Hugh Lewin and Joyce Seroke. There is a segment on the background to the murder of Chris Hani.

Tape 54

Episode 54

Date of broadcast: 29 June 1997

Summary: This episode contains two segments marking the end of the HRV hearings. The first segment is a retrospective on the work of the HRV and includes snippets of witness testimony as well as various statistics. The second segment is a mini “day in the life of an HRV hearing” documentary, from the perspectives of both victims and committee members.

Tape 55

Episode 55

Date of broadcast: 6 July 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments. There is a segment on the amnesty hearings in respect of the Eendvoegelpan Killings, where 14 policemen killed six MK operatives. There is a segment on the announcement of decisions of amnesty applications granted and refused. There is a segment on the TRC’s Special Hearings on Children, including testimony about torture.

Tape 56

Episode 56

Date of broadcast: 13 July 1997

Summary: This episode is comprised of three segments: two amnesty hearings by the perpetrators of the St James Massacre and of the murder of Amy Biehl. In both cases, victims and relatives were given an opportunity to confront the perpetrators face-to-face. There is also a segment discussing whether race can be a sufficient political motive.

Tape 57

Episode 57

Date of broadcast: 20 July 1997

Summary: This episode contains three segments. The first is the amnesty application of Jeffrey Benzien, for the murder of Ashley Kriel and notorious wet bag torture method. This includes interviews and confrontations with his victims. The second is a segment on different types of torture used by the police. The third is a face-to-face meeting between victims and one of the perpetrators of the St. James Massacre.

[Comments: episode ends abruptly with local South African televisions programming. However, from the introduction of the episode it is clear that all the issues were in fact covered]

Tape 58

Episode 58

Date of broadcast: 27 July 1997

Summary: This episode deals with the Special Hearings on Prisons and has three main segments: the treatment of political prisoners in South Africa’s jails, including a mini focus on the death penalty; a segment on political prisoner Bram Fischer; and a segment on human rights abuses committed by the ANC in its training camps in exile, particularly Quatro camp.

Tape 59

Episode 59

Date of broadcast: 3 August 1997

Summary: This episode focuses on the conscription of white soldiers into the SADF and the results of the wars in Namibia and Angola. Issues covered include the committing of gross human rights abuses by soldiers as well as the suffering of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. The segment includes mostly interviews but also some testimony from the Special Hearings into Military Conscription.

Tape 60

Episode 60

Date of broadcast: 10 August 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments. There is a segment on the Special Hearings and amnesty application hearings on the Inkatha Armed Wing in KwaZulu Natal, including testimony about Operation Marion (Inkatha Armed Wing trained in Caprivi by the SADF). There is a segment on the exhumation of Blessing Ninela. There is a segment on announcements of amnesties granted and refused.

Tape 61

Episode 61

Date of broadcast: (17 August 1997)

Summary: This episode focuses primarily on the assassination of Chris Hani and the amnesty application of Clive Derby-Lewis, one of the men responsible for Hani’s murder. The segment includes an interview with Chris Hani in 1992, footage of the day he was assassinated, and coverage of his funeral. The main portion is devoted to footage from the amnesty hearings where Derby-Lewis attempts to justify his actions and is cross-examined by the Hani family lawyer, George Bizos. There is much discussion about the amnesty criteria of full disclosure and political motive.

Tape 62

Episode 62

Date of broadcast: 24 August 1997

Summary: This episode contains two segments. The first deals with the amnesty application by the right-wing killers of Chris Hani, Clive Derby-Lewis and Janusz Walus. The second deals with announcements of the granting and refusing of amnesty.

Tape 63

Episode 63

Date of broadcast: 31 August 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments. There is a segment on amnesty hearings in respect of IFP-ANC violence in KwaZulu Natal and the Special Hearings on the Inkatha Armed Wing. There is a segment on the PAC’s Operation Great Storm and amnesty applications in respect of farm killings. There is a segment on a meeting between Ariel Dorfman and former Robben Island prison warden, Gerald Brand.

Tape 64

Episode 64

Date of broadcast: 7 September 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments on different amnesty hearings: one on the CCB including the refusal by some operatives to give evidence regarding cross border raids; one on a former Gang member and security policeman in the Free State; and one on amnesties granted and refused to right-wingers. Other segments include an interview with Mr. Hlangwane who gave HRV testimony implicating senior ANC members in torture but who subsequently admitted that this was false and that military intelligence was involved in a campaign to discredit the ANC. There is also a segment on the Special Hearings on Women, focusing on their experiences in detention.

[Comments: SA is noted as damaged and the US episode is damaged in parts but still viewable]

Tape 65

Episode 65

Date of broadcast: 14 September 1997

Summary: This episode contains two segments. The first is an investigative segment into the human rights violations committed by the Mandela United Football Club, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela’s bodyguards. Included is HRV testimony, interviews with perpetrators and footage on the response of the liberation movements, particularly the setting up of the Mandela Crisis Committee. The second focuses on the amnesty applications by the interrogators of Steven Biko, who died in detention.

Tape 66

Episode 66

Date of Broadcast: 21 September 1997

Summary: This episode deals with the Special Hearings into the role of Media. Witnesses include SABC employees and newspaper journalists and executives. Topics covered include: racism in newsrooms, propaganda, security force spies operating in the media, and close government-media collusion.

[Comments: this episode contains some footage that is accompanied by un-translated Afrikaans.]

Tape 67

Episode 67

Date of Broadcast: 28 September 1997

Summary: This episode contains two segments. The first deals with the amnesty applications of security policemen responsible for the death of Siphiwo Mtimkhulu and Topsy Madaka and includes interviews with the Mtimkhulu family. The second is an investigative segment on the human rights abuses committed by Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and the Mandela United Football Club.

Tape 68

Episode 68A

Date of Broadcast: 5 October 1997

Summary: This episode is made up of two segments. One focuses on the amnesty hearings in respect of the Motherwell Bombing, and includes testimony by Eugene De Kock. The second segment focuses on the effects of solitary confinement and includes an interview with a former MK operative, Zara Lakadien.

[Comments: format changes to a full hour, so many of the following episodes are divided into A and B segments]

Tape 69

Episode 68B

Date of Broadcast: 5 October 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments including: the destruction of security force files on activists and the TRC Investigation Unit’s attempts to have access to the remainder; an interview with Commissioner Mkhize; a segment on the use of poison by the security forces, including an interview with Dr. Frances Ames. There is also a brief segment on Winnie Madikizela-Mandela.

Tape 70

Episode 69 A

Date of Broadcast: 12 October 1997

Summary: This episode deals with the Special Hearings on Armed Forces (the Police, the SADF, MK and APLA) and deals with the submissions by APLA, the Police and the SADF. Issues addressed include: political motives of APLA, SADF-Police collusion, and the extent of accountability of the previous government.

Tape 71

Episode 69B

Date of Broadcast: 12 October 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments mainly dealing with the Special Hearings on Armed Forces (the Police, the SADF, MK and APLA) and includes the submissions of the SADF and MK. Issues covered included the Ribiero assassinations and the orders to assassinate. There is also a segment dealing with the postponement of the amnesty hearings relating to the murder of Sizwe Kondile, on legal grounds.

Tape 72

Episode 70A

Date of Broadcast: 19 October 1997

Summary: This episode deals with the testimony by four former cabinet members in the Special Hearings on the State Security Council: Adriaan Vlok, Pik Botha, Roelf Meyer and Leon Wessels. Issues covered include: orders to assassinate, assessing responsibility for gross human rights violations, and expressions of regret.

Tape 73

Episode 70B

Date of Broadcast: 19 October 1997

Summary. This episode contains a number of segments. The first is a segment on Leon Wessels, accepting responsibility for gross human rights violations during the Special Hearings on the State Security Council. The second is a general recapitulation of the HRV hearings, similar to Episode 54 with snippets of victim testimony and highlights of some of the most emotional moments. The third is a segment on the role of traditional medicine in the conflict in KwaZulu Natal.

Tape 74

Episode 71A

Date of Broadcast: 26 October 1997

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments on amnesty hearings and the amnesty process generally, including statistics on amnesty applications and amnesties granted and refused; the criteria for the granting of amnesty; and the issue of remorse and repentance.

Tape 75

Episode 71B

Date of Broadcast: 26 October 1997

Summary: This episode contains two segments. The first deals with the process of reparations and includes interviews with victims who have appeared before the TRC; reflections of Commissioners on the process; and statistics, types of reparations and progress made thus far. The second segment is an interview with Roland Hunter who was a conscript in the SADF and spied for the ANC on SADF cross border operations.

Tape 76

Episode 72

Date of Broadcast: 2 November 1997

Summary: This episode consists of four segments. The first is the amnesty hearings of APLA operatives responsible for the Heidelberg Tavern attack, and include perpetrator, victim and relative testimony. The second segment deals with allegations of involvement in the Heidelberg Tavern attack by a TRC Commissioner, Dumisa Ntsebeza. The third segment deals with the Special Hearings on the role of the Legal profession. The final segment looks at the establishment of a C-Max maximum-security prison.

Tape 77

Episode 73A

Date of Broadcast: 9 November 1997

Summary: This episode consists of two segments. The first is the amnesty hearings of the men responsible for the assassination of the Pebco Three and includes perpetrator testimony and relative interviews. The second segment is an interview with Commissioner Glenda Wildschut and includes discussion on reparations.

Tape 78

Episode 73B

Date of Broadcast: 9 November 1997

Summary: This episode contains three segments. The first segment details the work of the TRC Investigation Unit and their exhumation of secret graves of MK operatives, on behalf of the families. The second segment focuses on the transformation of Robben Island from a prison into a national monument and museum. The third segment deals with the allegations of involvement in the Heidelberg Tavern attack by a TRC Commissioner, Dumisa Ntsebeza. It details how the accuser, Mr. Sibaya, was actually tortured and forced to make a false statement and Mr. Ntsebeza is thereby vindicated.

Tape 79

Episode 74

Date of Broadcast: 16 November 1997

Summary: This episode consists of four segments. The first deals with the amnesty hearings relating to the abduction, torture and assassination of the Pebco Three and includes perpetrator testimony. The second focuses on the Special Hearings into the role of Business and includes witness testimony from both black and white business people and COSATU. The third segment is an interview with Piet Meiring of the Committee of Reparation and Rehabilitation. The fourth is a segment on the South African involvement in the Seychelles coup attempt.

Tape 80

Episode 75

Date of Broadcast: 23 November 1997

Comments: US Episode is missing (get copy)

Tape 81

Episode 76

Date of Broadcast: 30 November 1997

Comments: This episode deals with the public hearings into the gross human rights abuses committed by Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and the Mandela United Football Club, including kidnapping, assault, and murder of Stompie Seipei and Lolo Sono. It includes victim and relative testimony and testimony by community leaders who tried to intervene.

Tape 82

Episode 77

Date of Broadcast: 7 December 1997

Comments: US episode is missing (get copy).

Tape 83

Episode 78

Date of Broadcast: 14 December 1997

Summary: This episode consists of numerous segments. Two segments deal with amnesty, including: amnesty hearings in respect of the death in detention of Steve Biko and various amnesty decisions, including the blanket amnesty granted to the ANC. There is a segment on photographers covering the TRC. There is a repeat of the segment from Episode 59 on military conscription and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. There is also a segment on the opening of the Register of Reconciliation.

[Comments: SA Episode not numbered. US episode presumed to be Episode 78]

Tape 84

Episode 79

Date of Broadcast: 1 February 1998

Summary: This episode contains numerous segments. The first is PW Botha’s appearance in court relating to his refusal to appear before the TRC. The second segment focuses on gross human rights abuses committed by Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and the Mandela United Football Club. There is an interview with Alex Boraine, Deputy Chair of the TRC. There is repeat of a segment from Episode 29 on ethnic identity issues resulting from population registration, in the Karoo. There is also a segment on the Register of Reconciliation.

[Note: This episode contains SABC advertisements etc in the beginning and end]

Tape 85

Episode 80

Date of Broadcast: 15 February 1998

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments. The first deals with APLA members amnesty application hearings with respect to the attack of the Crazy Beat Disco in Newcastle and includes coverage of a facilitated meeting between the victim’s mother and the perpetrators. The second and third segments deal with the assassinations of anti-apartheid activists David Webster [13:30] and Anton Lubowski [20:00], outlining the requests of the victims’ families for the TRC to fully investigate their murders and criticisms of the TRC’s failure to do so. None of the perpetrators have come forward to the TRC. Details of the newly reopened inquest into Lubowski’s murder are provided. [33:00] A fourth segment deals briefly with the SADF submission to the public protector demanding an apology from the TRC. [35:00] The fifth segment is a profile of TRC Commissioner, Dumisa Ntsebeza, and his work heading up the TRC Investigation Unit. [41:55] The sixth segment deals with the amnesty application of four security policemen for the murder of Sizwe Kondile; an interview with Kondile’s mother is also included and comparisons between the policeman’s testimony and Coetzee’s testimony are made. [48:00] The last segment contains footage of a face-to-face meeting between perpetrators of IFP-ANC violence and their victims’ families.

[comments: episode ends abruptly]

[Note: episode length is approx 55 minutes]

Tape 86

Episode 81

Date of Broadcast: 22 February 1998

Summary: This episode has four segments. The first deals with the concept of evil and includes interviews with perpetrators, van Vuuren and Mentz, as well thinkers and theologians, such as Beyers Naude, Michael Lapsley, Zach Mokgoeba, and Andre du Toit. [19:00] The second segment is an investigative piece outlining the history of SADF cross border operations into Mozambique, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, Angola, Zimbabwe, Namibia. [35:00] The third segment is a profile of Dr. Faizel Randera, TRC Commissioner. [40:00] The fourth segment deals with the impending end of the TRC, interrogating the notion of reconciliation and the future, offering instead the notion of conciliation and highlighting the factor of socio-economic conditions.

[Note: episode length is approx 57 minutes]

Tape 87

Episode 82

Date of Broadcast: 1 March 1998

Summary: This episode contains five segments. The first details the amnesty applications by former security policemen in connection with the torture, death in detention, and police cover up of the murder of Stanza Bopape. Also included are interviews with Bopape’s family who believe that the full truth, including the location of Bopape’s body, has not been disclosed. [10:42] The second segment deals with the amnesty application hearings for the murder of the Cradock Four and includes interviews with victims’ families. [30:15] A third segment is an interview with Prof. Dan Bar-On, a post-Holocaust psychologist who works in Israel with children of perpetrators of Nazi violence and Holocaust survivors, about the impact of remembering the past for perpetrators. [37:13] A fourth segment contains an interview with Denzil Potgieter, TRC Commissioner on the Amnesty Committee. [45:00] A final segment discusses the history of the white right wing movement, the Afrikaner Weerstands Beweging (AWB), led by Eugene Terreblanche, their responsibility for violence, some right wing prisoner’s efforts to apply for amnesty, and perspectives on reconciliation.

[comments: glitch repeats interview with Bar-On]

[Note: episode length is approx 55 minutes]

Tape 88

Episode 83

Date of Broadcast: 8 March 1998

Summary: This episode contains seven segments. The first involves amnesty applications from ANC SDU members who killed ANC Youth League members, the first time the TRC heard testimony from perpetrators and victims who were members of the same political party. [9:40] The second segment continues coverage of the amnesty hearings related to the murder of the Cradock Four and raises issues about the criteria for amnesty of full disclosure and political objective. [17:00] The third segment contains an interview with TRC Commissioner Bongani Finca. [27:00] The next short segment offers a cultural and social history Sophiatown, a “melting pot” which suffered the impact of forced removals. [32:00] The fifth segment deals with the practice of necklacing, including human rights violations committee testimony. [39:00] The sixth segment discusses the SADF cross border raid on Casinga in Angola. [44:00] The seventh and last segment is a biography of Bram Fischer, leader of SACP and lawyer in the Treason Trial, including testimony by his family at the human rights violations hearing about his treatment in detention [this is a rebroadcast of a segment from Episode 58].

[Note: episode length is approx 55 minutes]

Tape 89

Episode 84

Date of Broadcast: 15 March 1998

Summary: This episode contains three segments. The first is a panel discussion exploring the TRC as a whole, including issues of truth, justice, fairness, and reconciliation. Also debated are evaluations of success and failure, the alternative of prosecutions and trials, the ANC blanket amnesty grant. Panelists are Maki Mandela, Human Resources Manager at Spoornet; Donald Woods, journalist; Abraham Mzizi, IFP member of parliament; and Prof. Herman Gillomee from UCT. [36:30] The second segment is a profile of TRC Commissioner, Xhosa Mjojo. [45:30] The third segment contains interviews and testimony from Vlakplaas operative Joe Mamasela who has turned state’s witness against colleagues responsible for the murder of the PebCo Three, among other violations. Mamasela’s testimony differs from that of the other amnesty applicants, detailing lengthy torture and beatings.

[Note: episode length is approx 58 minutes]

Tape 90

Episode 85

Date of Broadcast: 22 March 1998

Summary: This episode contains a number of segments. The first segment attends to the process of exhumations, discusses the role of the TRC investigative unit, and shows footage of bodies unearthed at Vlakplaas, Boshoek farm (where more bodies than expected are found), and Thabazimbi. [12:00] The second segment deals with the question of remorse and repentance when applying for amnesty. Many examples from the hearings are included, such as Clive Derby-Lewis, de Klerk, Maharaj, Leon Wessels, Jack Cronje, Clarence Makwetu (PAC), PW Botha, Ntobeko Peni, Oupa Gqozo, Horst Schoebesburger, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Eugene de Kock, Dirk Coetzee. Also included are interviews with victims’ families such as the Cradock Four and Griffiths Mxenge, and face-to-face meetings between Brian Mitchell and the Trustfeed community, and van Vuuren and Tshidiso Motasi. [26:00] The third segment is a profile of Richard Lyster, TRC Commissioner. [31:00] The fourth is a profile of Mary Burton, TRC Commissioner. [37:00] The fifth is a profile of Yasmin Sooka, TRC Commissioner. [42:00] The sixth is a profile of Sisi Kampepe, TRC Commissioner. [46:00] The last segment deals with Ferdi Barnard’s failure to apply for amnesty and his ongoing criminal trial. Operatives who worked alongside him at the CCB, Kalla Botha, Slang van Zyl, and Staal Burger are applying for amnesty for a limited number of activities, not including the assassinations of David Webster or Anton Lubowski.

[Note: episode length is approx 55 minutes]

Tape 91

Episode 86

Date of Broadcast: 29 March 1998

Summary: This is the final episode in the collection. The episode is devoted to a retrospective analysis of the TRC and poses the question: Have we begun to create a new moral order? The first half of the episode is divided into five main segments called: the violated, the violators, unearthing the truth, the politicians’ version, the broader picture, and a series of smaller segments. [3:10] The first segment on victims is similar to episode 54 and includes snippets of testimony from a variety of witnesses who appeared at the HRV hearings. [10:00] The segment on perpetrators includes Tutu’s plea for amnesty applications and a series of clippings from various amnesty hearings. [18:00] The third segment is an overview of the investigative unit, including critiques of procedures and coverage of exhumations. [20:45] The fourth segment on politicians contains testimony from the Special Hearings on Political Parties including apologies from some and denial of orders to commit GVHR by the NP. [25:00] The segment on the broader picture provides coverage of some of the Special Hearings. The final segments deal with how the TRC dealt with former president PW Botha [27:18] and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela [28:30]. Also included are some of the crises encountered by the TRC including a case from the NP regarding the blanket amnesty granted for the ANC.

[30:00] The second half of the episode seeks to answer whether the new nation has found a new morality through interviews with Roelf Meyer, Kader Asmal, and Freek Swanepoel. [40:45] A second segment contains a discussion with Archibishop Tutu as he reflects on the past two years, and is preceded by his address to the victims who appeared before the TRC. Also discussed is the Final Report.

[57:04] Lastly, Max du Preez thanks his journalistic team and support staff. Journalists include: Jann Turner, Benedict Motau, Anneliese Burgess, René Schiebe, Shenid Bhayoo, Bronwyn Nicolson.

[Note: episode length is approx 60 minutes]