BOOKS
Amnesty International CHAPTER 2.7, IN COMBATING TORTURE:
A MANUAL FOR ACTION (2003), Http://www.amnesty.org/resources/pdf/combating_torture/sections/section2-7.pdf
This chapter examines incidences of torture in South Africa‘s
apartheid era. This chapter also looks critically at the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission’s process, and asks if crimes of torture had been adequately
addressed. Unlike many sources in this presentation, this report does
not focus on women.
Bernstein, Hilda, FOR THEIR TRIUMPHS AND FOR THEIR
TEARS: WOMEN IN APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA (May 1978, Revised March
1985),http://www.anc.org.za/books/triumphs.html
This book, whose fourth chapter, "Political Struggle" is cited
in this presentation, is an historical study of the role and place of
women in South Africa. “Political Struggle,” begins with
the early participation of women in South African resistance movements
(protesting pass laws) and continues into the 1980s.
Graybill, Lyn S. TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION: MIRACLE
OR MODEL? (2002).
This book explores the origins of South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation
Commission, including the political compromises and theological underpinnings
that determined its particular shape and scope. In Chapter 7, Graybill
discusses the experience of women before the Commission and suggests
that the TRC presented a skewed view of the nature of human rights violations
that had been committed against women.
Turshen, Meredeth & Clotilde Twagiramariya (eds).
WHAT WOMEN DO IN WARTIME (1998).
This book explores issues of gender and armed conflict by focusing on
the experiences of women in African civil wars. In Chapter 2, Beth Goldblatt
and Sheila Meintjes offer a summary of their submission to the South
African Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
ARTICLES
Goldblatt, Beth & Sheila Meintjes. Gender
and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Submission to the Truth
and Reconciliation Commission (1996), available at http://www.doj.gov.za/trc/submit/gender.htm.
In their submission to the TRC, Goldblatt and Meintjes argued that the
Commission needed view the past through a gendered lens in order to
ensure that the unique experiences of women were not overlooked. They
also suggested accommodations that the TRC could make so that women
would feel more comfortable coming forward.
Goldblatt, Beth & Sheila Meintjes. Dealing
with the Aftermath, at http://www.agenda.org.za/BETH.htm.
This article retrospectively examines the successes and failures of
the Special Hearings on Women. The authors remain skeptical about the
effectiveness of the hearings, and cite further areas where gender issues
can be improved.
Motsemme, Nthabiseng & Kopano Ratele. Losing
Life and Re-making Nation at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission,
in DISCOURSES ON DIFFERENCE AND OPPRESSION IN SOUTH AFRICA (Duncan,
N., et al., eds) (forthcoming), http://www.geocities.com/culdif/motsem.htm.
This paper argues that nationalist objectives of the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission coupled with its patriarchal underpinnings prevented the
TRC from developing an accurate and complete narrative of women’s
experiences under apartheid.
Savage, Kate, Negotiating the Release of Political
Prisoners in South Africa, http://www.csvr.org.za/papers/papsav.htm.
In this paper written for the Kennedy School of Government (Harvard
University), Savage examines the release of political prisoners within
the larger political context of late apartheid politics. Political prisoners
became currency in the negotiations between the ANC and de Klerk’s
government.
Vetten, Linda. Roots of a Rape Crisis, 8
CRIME AND CONFLICT 9 (1998).
http://www.csvr.org.za/papers/papvet2.htm.
This article attempts to understand the causes of South Africa‘s
“rape-prone society.” The author dismisses biological arguments
that might explain rape, and focuses instead on social, cultural, historical,
and legal institutions that have created this landscape.
Vogelman, Lloyd. Violent Crime: Rape, in
PEOPLE AND THE VIOLENCE IN SOUTH AFRICA 96 (McKendrick, B. & Hoffman,
W.C., eds., 1990),
http://www.csvr.org.za/papers/paprapel.htm.
Vogelman explores crimes of rape from the point of view of a rapist.
Testimony from nine admitted rapists from South Africa is used as the
empirical backbone of this paper. The author’s stated goal is
to contribute to what he considers a dearth of scholarship on the mind
of rapists, with the further aim of creating preventative measures that
will decrease the unacceptably high incidence of rape in South Africa.
WEBSITES
Zubeida Jaffer’s Biography
http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/jaffer-z.htm
Zubeida Jaffer’s Testimony
http://www.doj.gov.za/trc/hrvtrans/helder/ct00776.htm
Human Rights Watch report on rape in South Africa today
http://www.hrw.org/press/safrica.htm
Umkhonto We Sizwe Documents, including historical timeline and manifesto
http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/mk/
Khotso House
http://www.dispatch.co.za/1999/08/06/southafrica/DEKOCK.HTM
Vusi Mahlasela’s Biography
http://www.swaves.com/Back_Issues/Feb04/VUSI_MAHLASELA.html
Keoropatese Kgositsile’s Biography
http://southafrica.poetryinternational.org/cwolk/view/21495
Amnesty Hearing for Phila’s Abductors
http://www.doj.gov.za/trc/decisions/2001/ac21112.htm
ANC NewsBrief discussing Kate Serokolo’s testimony before the
TRC
http://www.anc.org.za/anc/newsbrief/1996/news0719
ANC NewsBrief discussing the discovery of Phila Ndwandwe’s remains
http://www.anc.org.za/anc/newsbrief/1997/news0510
Truth and Reconciliation Final Report: Chapter on Exhumations
http://www.gov.za/reports/2003/trc/4_2.pdf
Report detailing the ANC’s demand that the National Party help
locate the bodies of missing people.
http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/pr/1996/pr0403.html
ANC report documenting the reburial of Umkhonto We Sizwe martyrs, like
Phila Ndwandwe.
http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/pr/1997/pr0424b.html
List of Apartheid Era Legislation in South Africa
http://africanhistory.about.com/library/bl/blsalaws.htm
List of Apartheid Era Legislation in South Africa
http://africanhistory.about.com/library/bl/blsalaws.htm
Brief History of the ANC Women's League.
http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/specialprojects/womens-struggle/orgs-anc-womens-league.htm
Charter for the Federation of South African Women.
http://www.liberation.org.za/themes/campaigns/women/wcharter.php
Brief History of the Black Sash.
http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/specialprojects/womens-struggle/orgs-black-sash.htm
Brief History of the Black Women’s Federation.
http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/specialprojects/womens-struggle/orgs-bwf.htm
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS
BOOKS
Meredith, Martin. COMING TO TERMS (1999).
Meredith reflects on South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission,
focusing primarily on the ways in which the TRC left South African’s
unsatisfied and failed to achieve its goals.
ARTICLES
Andrews, Penelope. From Gender Apartheid to Non-Sexism:
The Pursuit of Women’s Rights in South Africa, 26 N.C. J.
INT’L L. & COM. REG. 693 (2001).
This article discusses the historical factors contributing to gender
inequality in South Africa and how they impede the current pursuit of
women’s rights.
Andrews, Penelope. Violence Against Women in South
Africa: The Role of Culture and the Limitations of Law, 8 TEMP.
POL. & CIV. RTS. L. REV. 425 (1999).
This article looks at the historical factors shaping the status of women
in South Africa in its efforts to explore the problems facing women
since the end of apartheid. Part II focuses on the impact of apartheid
and traditional or customary law on the rights and status of South African
women.
Stein Center Symposium. The Role of Forgiveness
in the Law, 27 FORDHAM URB. L.J. 1351 (2000).
At this symposium, Professors Murphy, Minow, Andrews, and Mendez, discuss
the question of forgiveness as it relates to South Africa’s Truth
and Reconciliation Commission.
Walsh, Denise. Public Debate and the Limits of
Customary Law Reform in South Africa (2002), at http://apsaproceedings.cup.org/Site/papers/012/012008WalshDenis.pdf.
In this article, Denise Walsh observes that the pursuit for gender equality
has been relatively stagnant since apartheid and she attempts to explain
why progress has been more rapid.
REPORTS
Commission on Gender Equality, A Framework for
Transforming Gender Relations in South Africa (2000),
http://www.gov.za/reports/2000/transformation.pdf.
This report is aimed at policy makers and those who are committed to
furthering gender issues in South Africa. The report considers theoretical
constructions, but also provides a practical look at how South Africa
has addressed gender issues, and what remains to be done.
Joint Monitoring Committee on the Improvement of Quality of
Life and Status of Women, Report on Violence against Women
(2002), http://www.gov.za/reports/2002/violence.pdf.
Joint Monitoring Committee on the Improvement of Quality of
Life and Status of Women, Report on Violence Against Women
(2003), http://www.pmg.org.za/docs/2003/comreports/030923jcwomenreport.htm.
The final reports for the years 2002 and 2003 (respectively) are above
listed. The Joint Monitoring Committee was established to implement
the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination
Against Women and the Beijing Platform for Action. These report explain
the Committees work, and include appendixes that relate the Committee’s
findings based on public hearings and research.
SPEECHES
Krog, Antjie, Women Should Rule the World Before
They Become Like Men Because Truth Has a Gender, delivered before
the Conference on Women and Violence organized by the World Bank (1998),
www.worldbank.org/gender/events/Krog2.doc.
Antjie Krog is a South African poet. Her poem, "Ma Will Be Late,"
may be of interest to students of gender in South Africa. In "Country
of Grief and Grace," Krog writes about giving voice to the people,
an apt reference in this presentation about the TRC (hear oh hear/the
voices all the voices of the land/all baptised in syllables of blood
and belonging/this country belongs to the voices of those who live in
it/this landscape lies at the feet at last/of the stories of saffron
and amber/angel hair and barbs/dew and hay and hurt).
Address by Premier Molefe, North West Province, to
Northwest Legislature, Let Us Unite Against Violence Against Women
and Children (Nov. 25, 1999), http://www.gov.za/province/nwest/25nov99.htm.
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